Hot stone massage primarily uses smooth, flat basalt stones, known for their excellent heat retention and smooth texture. These volcanic rocks are rich in iron, allowing them to hold heat for an extended period, making them ideal for massaging sore muscles and promoting deep relaxation. The stones are typically heated in water to a temperature between 54 and 63 degrees Celsius before being placed on key points of the body, such as the back, palms, and feet, or used to perform various massage strokes. Occasionally, therapists may incorporate other types of stones, such as marble, for contrast therapy, where the coolness of marble complements the warmth of basalt to enhance the therapeutic experience.

In hot stone massage, stones are maintained at the desired temperature using a specialized stone heater, which is essentially a slow cooker or water bath designed specifically for this purpose. The stones are placed in the heater, which is filled with water, and the temperature is set to a range between 54 and 63 degrees Celsius. The heater keeps the water at a consistent temperature, ensuring that the stones remain evenly heated throughout the massage session. Before applying the stones to the client's body, therapists always test the temperature to ensure it is comfortable and safe. Periodically, stones may be returned to the heater and swapped out with fresh hot stones to maintain the desired warmth during longer sessions. Proper cleaning and sanitation of the stones after each use are also essential to maintain hygiene and effectiveness.

Essential oils aid healing by leveraging their therapeutic properties through various methods, including inhalation and topical application. When inhaled, essential oils stimulate the olfactory system and limbic system in the brain, influencing emotions, memory, and hormonal activity, which can reduce stress and promote mental well-being. Topically, essential oils penetrate the skin and are absorbed into the bloodstream, where they can target specific health issues. For example, lavender oil has calming effects and can relieve anxiety, while tea tree oil has antimicrobial properties that help treat skin infections. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiseptic properties of various essential oils make them effective in promoting physical healing and enhancing overall health.